What is one difference between using criterion-referenced scoring in standards-based grading systems as opposed to using norm-referenced scoring?

• A. Criterion-referenced scoring is easier to use when determining class rank than norm-referenced scoring.
• B. Criterion-referenced scoring is not used on standardized tests, while norm-referenced scoring is.
• C. Criterion-referenced scoring uses standards that are easier to adjust than those used in norm-referenced scoring.
• D. Criterion-referenced scoring measures student progress toward mastery of specific criteria, while norm-referenced scoring measures progress relative to percentiles.

Answer: (D)

The idea being tested is whether we measure achievement by hitting defined criteria versus by how you rank among others. In standards-based grading with criterion-referenced scoring, you’re assessed against clear criteria or standards. The goal is to determine whether you have mastered those specific skills or concepts, so progress reflects mastery toward those criteria regardless of how everyone else performs. In contrast, norm-referenced scoring looks at how your performance stacks up against a comparison group, yielding percentile ranks or relative standing rather than a clear statement of mastery on particular standards. So the best answer captures that distinction: criterion-referenced scoring measures progress toward mastery of specific criteria, while norm-referenced scoring measures progress relative to percentiles.