What are the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) guiding principles?

• A. Engagement, Representation, and Recall.
• B. Engagement, Representation, and Accessibility.
• C. Engagement, Representation, and Action/Expression.
• D. Engagement, Motivation, and Delivery.

Answer: (C)

UDL is a framework for designing instruction that provides flexible means for all students to engage, learn, and demonstrate understanding. The guiding principles are engagement, representation, and action/expression. Engagement focuses on sparking interest, sustaining effort, and offering choice and relevance to keep learners involved. Representation emphasizes presenting information in multiple formats and modalities so learners can perceive and comprehend content in ways that suit them. Action/Expression allows students to show what they know through a variety of methods and tools, such as writing, speaking, projects, or demonstrations. Terms like recall, accessibility, motivation, or delivery aren’t used as the core guiding principles in UDL, which is why the best choice lists engagement, representation, and action/expression.